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Most men with prostate cancer have low-grade cancer, meaning the cancer is unlikely to spread or affect quality of life or longevity. But men whose initial prostate biopsy shows an intermediate-risk or high-risk cancer, or those who began active surveillance for low-risk cancer but develop a rising PSA or new symptoms suggesting aggressive cancer, have several treatment options available. These include different combinations of radiation, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and anti-androgens.

People who follow a healthy lifestyle can still have the early stages of coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common type of heart disease. There are many ways people can find out if they have CAD. This includes paying attention to whether exercise causes discomfort, doing a 10-year heart risk assessment, and seeing their doctor for diagnostic testing, such as a coronary artery calcium scan, a resting electrocardiogram, a walking stress test, or an echocardiogram. A doctor uses this information to determine the best treatment path.

Sudden memory lapses could be natural aspects of aging or early signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). With MCI, memory loss is noticeable but usually does not impede the ability to carry out daily functions. A screening test from a doctor or more advanced testing (such as brain MRI or PET scans) from a neurologist can help identify potential cognitive problems so people can seek appropriate treatment.

While blood in semen may look alarming, in most cases it is caused by a recent medical procedure. Other possible causes are trauma to the genital area, a bladder infection, prostatitis (inflammation to the prostate), or a sexually transmitted infection.

We can learn much from people who continue to live productive lives into their 80s and 90s. Doctors in this demographic have a unique perspective as they have the lessons from their decades of medical practice and their personal experiences dealing with Father Time. Here, two Harvard physicians — Dr. Marshall Wolf, 87, and Dr. Mitchell Rabkin, 94 — share lessons they’ve learned over the decades from their practice and personal life about how they keep their body and mind strong, healthy, and thriving.

Briefly running or climbing stairs are examples of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). Just a few minutes of VILPA per day was linked to a lower risk of heart-related problems among women who don’t exercise, a 2024 study found.

Having an extremely low LDL level from aggressive cholesterol-lowering therapy was not associated with cognitive impairment, according to a 2024 study.

In a 2024 study, people with a habit of eating dark chocolate—about an ounce a day—were less likely to develop diabetes compared to those who didn’t consume it.