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Approximately 10% of people with Crohn’s disease have related skin disorders. These include:

• erythema nodosum – This is a particular type of skin inflammation in the fatty layer of the skin that causes red, painful lumps. It most commonly occurs on the front of the lower legs.

• pyoderma gangrenosum – This is a serious condition marked by large, painful ulcers in the skin, most commonly occurring on the legs.

• skin tags around the anus – These are harmless, noncancerous skin growths often attached to the skin by a thin stalk.

• enterocutaneous fistula – This is an abnormal connection between a part of the intestinal tract and the skin. It develops because of chronic intestinal inflammation.

• Canker sores – While these painful sores are common in the general population, they are even more common and more severe in people with Crohn’s disease. These ulcers tend to appear when the bowel disease is flaring.

Alcohol consumed in moderation (no more than 1 drink per day for women or 2 drinks per day for men) has a low risk of long term effects. However, drinking in excess of these limits can be detrimental to your health. Long term excessive drinking can affect your heart and liver. One of the devastating effects of long term excessive alcohol consumption is alcoholic cardiomyopathy, a kind of heart failure caused by alcohol damaging the heart. Another serious consequence of excessive drinking is alcoholic cirrhosis, liver failure due to alcohol damaging the liver. While no amount of alcohol consumption is 100% safe, drinking in moderation can help avoid long term health effects. If you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant, you should not consume alcohol at all.

Monkeypox is caused by a virus that typically passes from person to person, not through casual contact, but through close physical contact. Examples include touching the rash, scabs, or bodily fluid (like saliva) of a person with monkeypox, touching contaminated objects or fabrics, or prolonged face-to-face contact.

A combination of psychotherapy and medication is considered the best way to treat depression. The most helpful type of psychotherapy depends on a number of factors, including the nature of any stressful events, the availability of family and other social support, and personal preference. Examples of antidepressant medications include a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI such as fluoxetine, sertraline), a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI such as venlafaxine), mirtazapine and bupropion.

The physical effects of anorexia nervosa include:

• Significant weight loss (more than 15% of ideal body weight)

• Distorted self-image; feeling fat despite being thin

• Self-esteem that depends on weight and appearance

• Amenorrhea (stopping of menstrual periods or a delay of starting menstruation in young teens)

• Skin dryness or flakiness

• Brittle nails and hair

• Anemia

• Swelling in feet and ankles

• Intolerance to cold

• Hypothermia (low body temperature)

• Poor concentration

• Dehydration

• Fainting

In diverticulosis, small pouches develop and bulge out through weak spots in the walls of the colon. If the diverticula become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis. Stress does not directly cause diverticulitis, but there is a relationship between stress and diverticulosis. Stress in people with irritable bowel syndrome may cause more pouches to develop and the more pouches could mean a higher risk that one of them experience diverticulitis.

It’s important that babies with Down Syndrome be followed closely by their pediatrician. Along with problems with development, they can have problems with the heart, eyes, muscle tone, blood, intestine, joints and hormones. They also can have trouble breathing while sleeping, something called obstructive sleep apnea.

Dyslexia is a term that is sometimes used for a reading disability. There are many different approaches to helping someone with dyslexia, depending on the child’s particular strengths and weaknesses. Children should work with a special education specialist to find the best way to help them learn and succeed.

Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy that causes high blood pressure and protein in the urine. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to kidney and liver abnormalities, stroke, and even death. Obesity with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 is a risk factor for preeclampsia. The relationship between maternal obesity and preeclampsia is still being studied.

Preeclampsia affects about 1 in 25 pregnancies in the U.S. It usually begins after the 20th week of pregnancy and causes high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling. The cause is not entirely known but recent studies suggest that it occurs when the placenta doesn’t anchor itself deeply within the wall of the uterus during the first trimester which could be influenced by the immune system, genetics, or underlying health conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure.