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Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often begins in infancy as an intensely itchy rash. Most people can’t help scratching, which leads to further irritation and the possibility of skin infection caused by injury to the skin. The injured skin remains persistently inflamed and its function as a barrier is impaired. Eczema in children may go away when they get older, but there is no medical cure. Many treatments are available to control it.

Weight loss is the primary way to reduce body fat naturally. Becoming more physically active, engaging in moderate or high intensity aerobic exercise and doing resistance or weight training will also help. The type of diet and exercise makes little difference. Greater and faster weight loss and fat reduction depends more on the amount of calorie reduction and physical activity. Liposuction can remove fat from selected areas of the body.

The formula for losing weight after giving birth is similar to the formula for anyone wanting to lose weight. It means eating and drinking fewer calories than are burned through everyday activities. However, our basal metabolic rate slows down as we reduce caloric intake, adding to the challenge. After delivery, finding bursts of 10 minutes to exercise during the day, trying for quality sleep and breastfeeding can also help.

In most cases, plantar fasciitis improves or completely resolves although it can recur.

The conditions that make plantar fasciitis more likely in the first place also make it tend to last longer. These include:

• obesity

• poor quality or poorly fitting shoes

• repetitive trauma (as may occur with runners who increase their mileage)

• arch problems in the foot (such as flat feet or high arches)

Maintaining a healthy weight, adjustments in activities and type of shoes worn and treatment of other contributing factors usually lead to prompt recovery.

Reticulation refers to a pattern seen on a chest x-ray or lung CT scan. A reticular pattern means there is thickening of some of the lung tissues that surround the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs. The thickening can be due to fluid accumulation, inflammation or scarring. Subpleural reticulation means the thickening is located in outermost part of the lungs. It is usually seen in people with interstitial lung disease.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a term used to describe a collection of symptoms associated with not ovulating (producing an egg) on a monthly basis. It is associated with an imbalance in hormone levels. Women with PCOS might have an increased risk of endometrial (uterine) cancer. But PCOS does appear to increase the risk of breast or ovarian cancer.

Most episodes of typical diarrhea are acute — that is, short-term — and they resolve on their own. Common causes of acute diarrhea are virus infections, like norovirus, and E. coli from contaminated food or water. Persistent diarrhea has many potential causes, including food intolerances, celiac disease, medicine side effects and inflammatory diseases.

Bronchospasm means there is some constriction of airflow in the bronchial tubes due to tightening of the bronchi’s small muscles. The most common symptom is wheezing. However, some people with bronchospasm will primarily experience coughing. Bronchospasm also can lead to shortness of breath, especially when it is severe.

The medical term for coughing up blood is hemoptysis. People with bronchitis and a heavy cough can sometimes cough up a bit of blood streaked sputum (mucus) for a few days. But coughing up a large amount of blood or having the symptom persist or recur are reasons to seek prompt medical evaluation. There are many possible reasons for hemoptysis. The first diagnostic test is usually a chest x-ray or chest CT scan. Whether the person is a smoker and what other symptoms such as fever, chest pain or weight loss help determine the diagnostic process.

The most common recommendation is to consume no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day. While that might be a worthy goal, many people can regularly consume more than that without any harm. However, some people, such as those with heart failure and hard to control blood pressure, will get benefits from even less than 2,300 milligrams per day.