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During cataract surgery, the surgeon removes the cloudy lens from the eye and replaces it with an artificial lens which cannot itself develop a cataract. While it is impossible to develop a cataract in the eye that had this surgery, there are other reasons that vision problems may develop after cataract surgery. For example, a new problem, such as macular degeneration, may develop. Or, the membrane holding the new lens in place may become wrinkled or cloudy, causing symptoms similar to those caused by a cataract. Usually, this can be effectively treated with a laser procedure.

A true ketogenic (keto) diet calls for up to 90% of your daily calories to come from fat. People often find they can achieve faster weight loss with a keto diet compared with a calorie-reduction diet. In the short term, a keto diet is probably safe. But people with type 1 diabetes who are already prone to ketoacidosis should always check with their doctor first. Staying on a keto diet long term is challenging, and it can be heavy on red meat and other fatty, processed, and salty foods that are notoriously unhealthy. Let your doctor know if you plan to stay on a long-term keto diet, since it may involve elimination of certain foods that are important to a balanced diet, like sources of fiber.

Many of the remedies for mild hiccups may work by creating a stimulus that interrupts the signals causing the reflex. In effect, you take the nervous system out of its rut. So, for example, when you drink from the wrong side of the glass, you may be exciting nerves in the back of the mouth, nose, and throat that aren't stimulated by normal drinking. 
Breathing into a paper bag works a different way. It increases the carbon dioxide (CO2) level in your blood, and it's been shown that as CO2 levels go up, hiccups tend to recede.
Another maneuver: You exhale and then take a very deep breath and hold it for 10 seconds. Then, without exhaling, you breathe in again, pause, and then breathe in a third time. 
The most commonly prescribed medicine for hiccups is chlorpromazine.

Anuria means that both kidneys have stopped making urine. This can happen with anything that causes acute kidney injury or during the final stage of chronic kidney disease. Anuria also can occur if there is blockage of urine flow in both ureters or blockage of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.

Among the most common causes of foot pain are:

•    Arthritis (including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout)
•    Bunions
•    Injury or overuse (including sports injuries, stress fractures, sprains or strains)
•    Plantar fasciitis
•    Excess weight (which is more of a contributor than a cause)
•    Poorly fitting or restrictive footwear
•    Morton’s neuroma
•    Neuropathy

There is no single ideal sleeping position for scoliosis (curvature of the spine).

For one thing, there are many types of scoliosis: it may vary by location in the spine, severity, cause, and duration. And it can vary in what symptoms it causes. Therefore, it is not surprising that a position that is comfortable for one person may be the worst position for someone else.

In addition, we all move when we sleep, so even if a particular position seemed best for an individual, it’s unlikely they would maintain that position throughout the night.

In most cases, the best positions for sleep are discovered by trying different positions to determine which is most comfortable..

When considering the cause of unexplained weight loss, it’s important to determine whether the person still has a good appetite or not, and reviewing the number of calories the person is actually eating. Appetite loss leading to decreased caloric intake is the usual problem. Causes of persistent loss of appetite include medication side effects, stomach, liver, and bowel disorders; depression; chronic pain; diabetes and cancer. Weight loss despite consuming plenty of calories can happen in people with an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comes in a variety of forms. Common symptoms include difficulty focusing, being easily distracted, daydreaming, fidgeting, restlessness, and impulsivity. The exact cause of ADHD is not clear. First-degree relatives of people with ADHD are at increased risk of developing it, so genetics probably play a large role, but environmental factors may also contribute.

Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes repeated episodes of sudden, brief changes in the brain’s electrical activity. Epileptic episodes are called seizures or convulsions. Epilepsy is not lethal condition because even untreated most seizures last less than two minutes. Rarely, a generalized tonic-clonic seizure can last five minutes or more, a situation known as status epilepticus. Untreated, this medical emergency is potentially deadly.

Ringworm, also called tinea, is a skin infection caused by fungi, microscopic organisms that are similar to yeast and molds. It does not have any relation to worms, but is called "ringworm" because the infection can produce ring-shaped patches on the skin that have red, wormlike edges. It is treated with an antifungal cream, lotion or powder applied to the affected area(s). Rarely, a person might need an oral antifungal drug.