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Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can become pregnant. But it is often challenging because women may go many months without ovulating (producing an egg). Weight loss alone can improve the chances of becoming pregnant. Women with PCOS who wish to become pregnant often need medication to help increase the frequency of ovulation. When pregnancy is not happening with ovulation induction therapy, other methods, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), can be considered.

The only sure way to know if the material seen around an appendix during an episode of appendicitis would be to see it during surgery. Imaging tests such as a CT scan might show changes that could suggest mucus has escaped from the appendix. But the most common finding of appendicitis without rupture is what known as fat stranding around the appendix.

Meditation can be beneficial for anxiety and overall mental health. Meditation can reduce stress, improve negative emotions, and improve your overall psychological well-being. In addition to improving your mental health, meditation can also be beneficial for reducing chronic pain, improving sleep and improving concentration. There are many kinds of meditation including guided meditation, mindfulness meditation, and yoga-based meditation. It may be helpful to try different kinds to determine which works best for you.

Many factors can contribute to a low red blood cell count, known as anemia. One of the most common reasons for anemia is iron deficiency, which can happen if a person does not consume enough dietary iron or losses iron because of bleeding. Vitamin B12, folic acid and other micronutrient deficiencies can cause anemia. In many chronic diseases, the bone marrow produces less than the normal number of red cells each day. These are just a few of more common factors that can contribute to anemia.

The amount of blockage in a coronary artery is only one factor that determines whether or not opening the artery with angioplasty and a stent is needed. For example, someone who has a totally blocked artery but has no chest pain or other heart symptoms does not necessarily need a stent. However, the ideal treatment for a heart attack (myocardial infarction) caused by a blood clot suddenly forming on a partially blocked artery is angioplasty with stent placement.

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a condition in which a person has abnormal antibodies and either an increased tendency to form blood clots or an increased tendency to have miscarriages. The abnormal antibodies in this condition come in 3 main forms: lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin antibodies and anti-beta2-glycoprotein.

Monoclonal gammopathy is a condition in which there is an abnormally high production of a specific type of antibody. This can be associated with a malignancy, such as multiple myeloma, or, as is the case in up 3% of older adults, it may be present with no symptoms or organ damage (a condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, or MGUS).

There is no clear association between antiphospholipid syndrome and monoclonal gammopathy although persons with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, may have both antiphospholipid syndrome and MGUS.

Amyloidosis is a condition in which certain proteins in the body do not fold properly making them accumulate in various organs. Most amyloidosis involving the heart is due to transthyretin amyloidosis or light chain amyloidosis.

Transthyretin is a protein made in the liver that carries thyroid hormone and vitamin A throughout the body. Light chains are normally part of the structure of antibodies.

When light chains or transthyretin proteins are present in excessive amounts or do not function normally, they can accumulate in heart tissue, impairing the heart’s ability to pump and causing the condition called cardiac amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis, including cardiac amyloidosis, is not considered an autoimmune disease. However, autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, may cause chronic inflammation that leads to light chain amyloidosis. Effective treatment of the autoimmune disease can prevent light chain amyloidosis.

A silent myocardial infarction is also known as a silent heart attack. It produces no symptoms, or only produce mild symptoms that are so unremarkable that people mistake them for something else, like heartburn or a chest muscle strain. People often don’t learn that they had a heart attack until they have an electrocardiogram (ECG), a stress test or an echocardiogram and the doctor notices signs consistent with heart damage. As in traditional symptomatic heart attacks, a silent heart attack involves a blockage of blood flow to the heart. This injures and scars part of the heart muscle, leaving behind telltale signs.

Vegetables are not a common trigger for gout flares. However, “trigger foods” can vary from person to person.

 

Rarely, spinach, asparagus and cauliflower may set off gout flares. That’s why some experts recommend limiting intake of these vegetables for people with gout.

The foods and drinks most likely to cause a gout flare include:

• alcohol

• red meat, game meats or organ meats (such as sweetbreads or liver)

• foods or drinks with high fructose corn syrup (as in many carbonated beverages and candy)

• turkey

• seafood, such as shellfish, shrimp, or scallops