Harvard Health Content API

New research shows how getting too little sleep, at erratic times, may cause changes in the body that increase the risk of weight gain and diabetes. The study was done with 21 volunteers who spent 6 weeks living in a laboratory. After a period of normal sleep, they spent the next 3 weeks getting an average of 5.6 hours a night. They were allowed to sleep only at varying times of the day or night. This pattern was designed to imitate rotating shifts or jet lag. During this time, people’s blood sugar went up after meals — in some cases, to pre-diabetic levels. This occurred because the pancreas produced less insulin. Metabolism fell by 8%. People were kept on a diet to avoid weight gain. But researchers said without the diet people could have gained 10 to 12 pounds a year under similar conditions. The journal Science Translational Medicine published the study.

A combination of simple comfort methods can help to ease the pain of vaccinations for babies, a new study finds. The research weighed the effect of a method called the 5 S’s. This stands for swaddling (in a blanket), side or stomach position, shushing, swinging and sucking (on a pacifier). The study included 230 babies who were at the doctor for their 2-month or 4-month checkups. They were due to receive vaccines. Babies were randomly divided into 4 groups. Before the shots, 2 groups were given a small amount of sugar water. The other 2 received plain water. After the shots, 2 groups received the 5 S’s to comfort them. This was done by research staff. The other groups received normal comforting by their parents. Babies who received the 5 S’s (with or without sugar water) showed the least discomfort using a standard pain scale.