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Ticklishness falls into two categories: gargalesis (which produces laughter and squirming) and knismesis (the sensation of a feather brushing over the skin, also known as light-touch tickling). It is not clear why some people are ticklish, but it may be a bonding or protective reaction.
A review of studies published online April 13, 2022, by JAMA Psychiatry found that people who did 75 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, had an 18% lower risk for depression, compared with people who didn’t exercise.
A troubling aspect of COVID infection is long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or PASC. PASC is marked by persistent symptoms 30 days or more after a person tests positive for COVID. Also, symptoms suggestive of PASC may emerge many weeks after recovery from the initial infection. Scientists are still learning about PASC, but they have discovered much so far, such as who may be at higher risk, what symptoms are common, how long it may last, and what people can do to protect themselves.
Around age 40, most people lose some height, and the decline accelerates with age. This “shrinkage” can be slowed by preventing osteoporosis and improving posture. Getting enough calcium and vitamin D can help increase bone density, and exercises for the back and abdominal muscles can help with posture.
The average person wakes up around four times every night. But as people age, the number of awakenings can rise as they spend more time in the earlier, lighter sleep stages and less time in the later deeper stages. This sleeping pattern makes them more sensitive to stimuli that awakens them. Older adults can avoid common stimulus by wearing earplugs and sleep masks to block noise and light, cutting back on caffeine and alcohol to avoid bathroom trips, and doing stretches before bedtime to reduce nighttime cramping.
Many people get braces later in life. This helps ward off problems caused by crooked teeth or a misaligned bite, such as malnutrition, increased risks for cavities and gum disease, and some chronic illnesses. Getting braces can also create space for implants to replace missing teeth. There are two main types of braces. One consists of a row of tiny brackets glued onto the teeth, and a wire that runs through the brackets. The other type of braces consists of a series of aligners—thin, clear plastic molds that are worn on top of the teeth 22 hours per day.
Strength training triggers many body reactions that protect people against chronic disease. For example, strengthening muscles helps reduce blood sugar, lower blood pressure, burn calories, and discourage chronic inflammation. Evidence suggests that getting 30 to 60 minutes of weekly strength training leads to the highest amount of health benefits. That’s in line with the recommendation from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. But doctors say any amount of strength training can help health.
Limiting meals to a certain window of time each day, an approach called time-restricted eating, didn’t appear to help people lose any more weight compared with ordinary calorie restriction in a small randomized trial published in 2022.
In 2022, Pfizer voluntarily recalled some blood pressure medications, including Accuretic (quinapril hydrochloride plus hydrochlorothiazide), Accupril (quinapril hydrochloride), and two related generic formulations.
Brain damage can cause the language disorder aphasia. It affects a person’s ability to understand or produce speech. Coping with aphasia requires treatment for the underlying cause and speech therapy to learn how to communicate despite language deficits. If the cause of the aphasia improves, so may the aphasia. But many people will continue to live with some level of aphasia, especially if the cause of brain damage is a progressive disease, such as Alzheimer’s.