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Young adults are more likely to have strokes now than they were in the early 1990s, a new study suggests. The study covered only the greater Cincinnati area, including northern Kentucky. But experts said the trend likely applies nationwide, too. Researchers looked at first-time strokes that occurred between 1993 and 2005. In the first year, people ages 20 to 54 had 13% of the strokes. By 2005, that had jumped to 19%. Stroke rates varied by race. However, increases occurred across all groups. For example, the annual stroke rate for young blacks increased from 83 to 128 per 100,000 people. Among young whites, the rate rose from 26 to 48 strokes per 100,000 people. Better diagnosis could be one reason. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more widely used now. MRI scans may have uncovered more mild strokes.

Eating a healthy diet may reduce the risk that women who go through pregnancy diabetes will develop type 2 diabetes later, a study finds. Some women develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy. The condition goes away after the birth. But these women are more likely than others to develop type 2 diabetes later. The study looked at information on 4,413 women who developed diabetes during pregnancy. The women were all part of a long-term study of nurses’ health. During that study, they answered questions regularly about what they ate. For the new study, researchers divided the women into groups based on how healthy their diets were. Their diets were compared with 3 diet patterns that are all rich in whole grains, fresh fruits, vegetables and legumes. These diets include poultry, seafood and nuts. They limit red and processed meats.

U.S. teens are half as likely to drink and drive as their counterparts did 20 years ago, a new study finds. Researchers looked at national surveys of teens from 1991 through 2011. Teens ages 16 or older were asked if they had driven after drinking alcohol in the last month. In 2011, about 1 out of 10 teens said yes. In the 1991 survey, more than 22% said they drank and drove. But even the current results added up to about 1 million teens who drink and drive. About 85% of those who drank and drove were also binge drinkers. This means they had at least 5 drinks within a couple of hours. Experts think the lower rates are related to several things. Since 1991, all states have adopted “zero tolerance” laws. These laws set the blood alcohol limit at or near zero for teen drivers. Many states also have graduated licensing laws.

Men with higher blood levels of a chemical found in tomatoes may have a lower risk of stroke, a new study suggests. The study included more than 1,000 men. Their ages were 46 to 65 when the study began. Researchers measured their blood levels of lycopene, which is found in tomatoes and some other foods. During an average 12 years of follow-up, 67 men had a stroke. Men with the highest lycopene levels were less than half as likely to have a stroke as those with the lowest levels. Lycopene is an antioxidant. Antioxidants consume harmful free radicals in the body. But the researchers found no link between stroke rates and other antioxidants, such as beta-carotene. The journal Neurology published the study. HealthDay News wrote about it October 8.

Reading your doctors’ notes about your conditions and treatments may help you feel more in control of your care. Researchers did a study of 105 doctors and more than 13,000 patients. Patients were given online access to their doctor’s notes for one year. About 5,400 patients read at least one set of notes and completed a survey. The surveys showed that reading the notes helped people understand their medical issues. Nearly 80% of patients who read notes were better about taking their medications. Doctors were worried that patients who read their notes would become worried or offended. They also thought the access to notes would add time to office visits. But none of those things happened. Doctors saw their patients become more empowered, and trust them more. Nearly all of the patients —99%—said that the open notes program should continue.

A CRP blood test for heart disease risk does not add much to the other information doctors use. A review of 52 previous studies found this result. The studies included 240,000 people. None of the people had cardiovascular disease. The test was helpful in less than 2% of people. A CRP test is a blood test. It measures inflammation in the body. Inflammation may lead to narrowing of blood vessels. This can increase a person’s risk for heart attack or stroke. People most likely to benefit from heart-disease screening are those at medium risk. But in that group, regular CRP tests prevented only 1 heart attack or stroke for every 400 to 500 people screened. The study was published October 4 in the New England Journal of Medicine.