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Happiness helps to lower blood pressure and stress, improve the immune system, and motivate people to be more active. Research suggests that, on average, genetics determines 50% of a person’s general happiness level. However, a person’s happiness is at least somewhat under their control, which suggests that even people who are not naturally happy have the power to increase their happiness. They can do this by practicing regular acts of happiness—activities linked with better mood and increasing optimism.

There are no health benefits to taking a daily calcium supplement in addition to the amount of calcium a person gets from a regular well-balanced diet. Too much calcium from supplements can lead to problems, like a higher risk of kidney stones and poor absorption of micronutrients.

A study of more than 121,000 people without dementia (ages 40 to 70) found that those who ate the most flavonoid-rich foods—six servings per day—had a 28% lower risk of developing dementia over the following nine years, compared to those who ate the least.

About 98 million Americans have prediabetes, in which the average amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood is high but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. While people with prediabetes want to avoid getting diabetes, prediabetes can be dangerous on its own, as it increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and fatty liver disease. Controlling blood pressure, lowering LDL (bad) cholesterol, and managing glucose levels with weight loss, exercise, and diet offers protection against diabetes and these conditions.

Cuticles hinder germs from entering the nail bed. Dry, cracked, or damaged cuticles may become infected, leading to a red, swollen, painful area around the nail. Mild nail infections can be treated at home, but people should see their doctor if the infection doesn’t resolve.

People sometimes wonder if the calcium they consume affects their calcium score, a test that measures calcium in the heart’s arteries to predict heart disease risk. But a 2024 study linked higher calcium intake to a lower risk of heart calcifications. Calcium helps lower blood pressure, possibly by improving the function of the lining of blood vessels. Older adults should make sure they’re getting the recommended amount of calcium in their diets. Good sources include dairy products, tofu made with calcium sulfate, almond or oat milk, canned sardines or salmon, collard greens, and kale.

Osteopenia is the precursor stage to osteoporosis (weak, thin bones that break easily). Ways to treat osteopenia include taking medications that slow bone loss and reduce fracture risk, exercising, eating protein- and calcium-rich foods, taking a calcium supplement to make up for a lack of dietary calcium, taking a vitamin D₃ supplement to help absorb calcium, and avoiding excessive alcohol intake. Vibration therapy (standing on a small vibrating platform) is not yet proven to be effective.