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Aspirin may help to treat colon cancer among people who have a particular gene mutation, a new study suggests. The study focused on 964 people with colon cancer. As participants in 2 long-term health studies, they recorded what medicines they took. Researchers looked at the genes in people’s colon cancer tumors. They focused on a gene called PIK3CA. This gene is involved in one pathway that promotes the growth of cancer. Aspirin seems to interfere with this pathway. Researchers found that some people in the study had a mutation in the PIK3CA gene. In the first 5 years after diagnosis, 2 of the 62 regular aspirin users with the mutated gene died. In contrast, 23 of 90 people who had the mutation but did not take aspirin died. Researchers also looked at longer-term survival.

Almost 80 million Americans don’t have low vitamin D levels after all, an expert group says. The new, lower guidelines on vitamin D come from the Institute of Medicine. This is an independent group that provides research-based advice on medical care. Current guidelines don’t agree on what blood level of vitamin D is too low. For example, the Endocrine Society says that people should have at least 30 nanograms of vitamin D per milliliter of blood (ng/ml). Anyone with lower levels may need vitamin D pills, the group says. The new Institute of Medicine guidelines say that 20 ng/ml is enough. An estimated 78.7 million American have levels between 20 and 30. The new study included more than 15,000 adults. Information about them came from a major health survey. This was compared with a national death registry.

A study of diabetics has been stopped early because an intensive diet and exercise program did not reduce their risk of heart attack or stroke. Adults with type 2 diabetes have twice the risk of these problems as other adults. The study included 5,145 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group followed a strict diet. People were limited to 1,200 to 1,800 calories a day. They also did 175 minutes a week of moderate exercise. The other group just received general diabetes education and support. People in the first group lost about 10% of their weight at first. They kept off about 5% for at least 4 years. Other research has shown that a 5% weight loss can reduce factors that affect heart and stroke risk. People in the second group lost about 1% of their weight. After 11 years, U.S.